This perfume has a beautiful grapefruit and champagne opening. As it develops, it never gets too sweet or too spicy. The blending was expertly done. The black pepper does not overtake the composition and Jasmine is subtle. Jasmine has a tendency to overshadow other notes but in this blend it is perfectly balanced. At the base, labdanum keeps the perfume sweet but it is tempered by sandalwood so that it isn’t overly sweet. A truly remarkable perfume.